初中英语主谓致和就近原则讲解及练习.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则） 就近原则： 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。 在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also ; 等。e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 ③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 ②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II. 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式） Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式） 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。 英语就近原则短语 1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from 例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 主谓一致单项填空专练 　　主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。 　　一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 　　1