三非谓语动词Nonfiniteforms.pptVIP

* b) 有些过去分词用于句中并非表示“被动”的意思，而是属于该词的用法，如： The girl in read is my sister. (穿红衣服的那女孩是我妹妹。） When I got there, I found him at the desk. (当我到那里时，发现他坐在书桌旁。） dressed dressing herself Seated sitting seating himself * Our school on a hilltop has a good view. （我们学校位于山顶上，有很好的视野。） B）Some few notes on “dangling participles”（悬垂分词） First of all ，let us take a look at the “attachment rule” （依着法则）for identifying the subject. a) “Attachment rule” and “dangling participles” located situated standing sitting * When an –ing or –ed participle construction is used as a relative or adverbial clause, its logical subject is usually identifiable with the subject of the main clause. For example: Sitting at the back as we were, we couldn’t hear a word. Jolted(颠簸 ) by the collision, Harry suffered a sprained back and a broken knee. He was lying in the couch, enjoying his pipe. It is through this relationship that the participle construction is “attached” to the main clause. This is known as the “attachment rule”(依着法则). * Violation of the “attachment rule” will result in a “dangling participle”: eg: Opening the cupboard, a skeleton fell out. Grilled on charcoal, we liked the fish much better. Having eaten our lunch, the car pushed its way through the tortuous canyon. 以上这些结构往往在理解上会引起歧义或者在表意上会引起混乱,所以是不被人们接受的，应该避免使用。 C) Absolute construction 在用分词短语做状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立 * 结构（absolute construction)。在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或情况： Then, her eyes sparkling again, she added, “you should see what the people eat today.” （ 然后她又目光炯炯地接着说，“你应当看看今天人们的饮食。”） We explored the caves, Peter acting as guide. （由彼德作向导，我们探查了那些洞穴。） He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. （他满脸是汗跑进屋来。） There a group of peasants, their pants rolled up to their knees, were weeding the paddy fields. （ 那儿有一群农民，裤腿卷到膝盖，在稻田里除草。） * 有时还可以表示时间(a)，原因(b)，条件(c):