2019年虚拟语气的教学设计.docVIP

虚拟语气的教学设计 下面对虚似语气在各种句式中的用法分别归类进行介绍： （一）虚假语气用于条件状语从句 1、表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should,could,might) ＋动词原形”。例如：矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧碍鳝绢懣硯涛镕頃赎巯驂雞虯从躜鞯烧。 If I were you .I should study English. 2、表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would(should,could,might+have+过去分词)。”例如：聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅锯鳗鲮詣鋃陉蛮苎覺藍驳驂签拋敘睑绑。 If you had taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒東戇鳖納们怿碩洒強缦骟飴顢歡窃緞駔蚂。 3、表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词与“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同，或者条件从句中用“were to (should)+动词原形”。例如：酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯詢鳕驄粪讳鱸况閫硯浈颡閿审詔頃緯贾。 If you came toumorrow, we would have the meeting 4、当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤亿鳔简闷鼋缔鋃耧泞蹤頓鍥義锥柽鳗铟。 If you had worked hard ,you would be very tired. （从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。） 5、以上句型可以转换成下列形式： 1）省略if，用“were,had,should+主语”。例如： Were I in school again, I would work harder . Should there be a meeting tomorrow ,I would come . 在虚似条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可以说： Were it not for the expense ,I would go to Italy. 但不能说： Weren’t for the expense,I would go to Italy. 2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如： Without air ,there would be no living things. But for your help,I couldn’t have done it. 3）用其他方式表示。例如： It would produce bad results to do that . = If you have done that ,it would produce bad results.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂篓鳐驱數硯侖葒屜懣勻雏鉚預齒贡缢颔。 （二）虚假语气用于宾语从句 1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……”，“……就好了”，“悔不该……”，“但愿……”等。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩龔长鳏檷譴鋃蠻櫓鑷圣绋閼遞钆悵囅为鹬。 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could)+动词原形”表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”或“(could)would+have+过去分词”。例如：茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞摟鳎饗则怿唤倀缀倉長闱踐識着純榮詠。 I wish it were spring all the year round . I wish you could go with us . We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 2、虚似语气在动词arrange,command,demand, desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest,等后面的宾语从句中用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘聾諦鳍皑绲讳谧铖處騮戔鏡謾维覦門剛慘。 We?suggested that we (should )have a meeting . We insisted that they (should) go with us . He demanded that we (should) start right away. 但注意：insist 作“力言”、“强调”解时，宾语从句不