《国际商务》(查尔斯 英文第九版)期末复习重点.pdfVIP

Chapter 1 globalization What is globalization? The globalization of markets. It refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. The globalization of production It refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. Factors of production: (1) land, (2) capital, (3) labor, (4) energy Why china losing their position of global factory? (1)Aging population. The population of the china is aging, which leads china to losing their advantage of cheaper labors that resulting the cost of production in china is going higher. (2) Expensive land. The higher cost of land is another reason that leads to China losing its position of global factory. In the early time, it is free for foreign company to use land in China to build up a factory. But it is not free for them anymore. Because of the increasing price of land, many company are moving their factories to other countries. The differences between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank （WB）. The IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetary system; the WB was set up to promote economic development. In a short word, the IMF always gives a hand to the countries in crisis, and it often offers the short-term loan. The WB always loan money to country build their infrastructure with long-term loan. Drivers of globalization Declining trade and investment barriers International trade occurs when a firm exports goods services to consumers in another country. Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. The role of technological change Microprocessors and telecommunications Moore’s law, wh