西医英语,第8章免疫系统.pptVIP

Immunity;Contents; 牛痘接种 （vaccination with cowpox）; 观察到得过牛痘的挤奶女工不会得天花 8岁男孩身上接种“牛痘cowpox”预防天花取得成功 Vaccine was invented (latin vacca means ”cow”);;;First-Line Defenses /Innate Immune System- The bodys?first line of defense against pathogens uses mostly physical and chemical barriers such as Skin – acts as a barrier to invasion Sweat – has chemicals which can kill different pathogens. Tears - have lysozyme which has powerful digestive abilities that render antigens harmless. Saliva – also has lysozyme. Mucus - can trap pathogens, which are then sneezed, coughed, washed away, or destroyed by chemicals. Stomach Acid – destroys pathogens;Second-Line Defenses - If a pathogen is able to get past the bodys first line of defense, and an infection starts,?the body can rely on its second line of defense. ?This will result in what is called an………. ;Inflammatory response causes Redness - due to capillary dilation resulting in increased blood flow Heat - due to capillary dilation resulting in increased blood flow Swelling – due to passage of plasma from the blood stream into the damaged tissue Pain – due mainly to tissue destruction and, to a lesser extent, swelling. ;Third-Line Defenses?- Sometimes the second line of defense is still not enough and the pathogen is then heading for the bodys last line of defense, the immune system. ? The immune system recognizes, attacks, destroys, and remembers each pathogen?that enters the body. ?It does this by making specialized cells and?antibodies?that render the pathogens harmless. ? Unlike the first line and second line defense the immune system differentiates among pathogens. For each type of pathogen, the immune system produces cells that are specific for that particular pathogen.? ; What is immunity?;Innate immunity 固 有免疫 Adaptive immunity 适应性免疫 Lymphiod organs 淋巴器官 Lymph nodes 淋巴结 Immune molecules 免疫分子 Antibody (Ab) 抗体 Complement 补体 TCR T细胞识别受体 BCR