普特南意义理论研究.pdfVIP

万方数据 摘 要 摘 要 希拉里·普特南是当代著名的数学家和哲学家。普特南支持不同的哲学立场，经常 批评自己的理论观点，因此他的思想以“善变”而著称。20 世纪50—70 年代，普特南 的研究侧重于意义理论。普特南认为，研究语词的意义问题比研究语句的意义问题更为 重要。因此，普特南研究的是语词的意义而不是语句的意义。传统意义理论是内涵式的 意义理论，主张语词的意义决定于说话者的心理状态，因此传统意义理论研究意义的方 式是“内在的”。普特南对传统意义理论进行了系统有力的批判，并在此基础上建立了 迥异于传统意义理论的语义外在论。普特南的意义理论研究意义的方式是“外在的”， 即通过先确定语词的外延，再确定语词的意义。普特南通过语言劳动分工理论、因果指 称理论和环境因果作用理论，阐明了语词的外延来源于社会和客观环境的贡献，而不是 说话者的心理状态。普特南没有直接去定义“意义”概念，而是通过对意义进行规范式 描述，以此说明“什么是知道了语词的意义”和“在什么情况下两个词的意义相同”。 普特南的意义理论克服了传统意义理论的缺陷，为意义理论研究提供了全新的视 角，肯定了研究“意义”的价值，极大地推动了当代意义理论的发展。 关键词 普特南 意义理论 语义外在论 I 万方数据 Abstract Abstract Hilary Putnam is a contemporary famous mathematician and philosopher. Putnam supported different philosophical standpoints, he often criticized his own points of view, thus his thought is famous for changing. Putnams research focused on semantics in the 50-70s of 20th century. Putnam considered that the meaning of words was more important than the meaning of statements. So he researched the meaning of words but not the meaning of statements. The traditional theory of meaning was intensional theory of meaning. It argued that the meaning of the words was determined by the speakers mental state. So it was inner that the traditional theory of meaning researched the meaning of words. He had criticized the traditional theory of meaning effectively. On the basis of it, he established the semantic externalism which was different from the traditional theory of meaning. The way of researching the meaning of Putnam was outside, that is make sure