孟子心学研究.pdfVIP

万方数据 摘 要 摘 要 孟子创立了以心为宗的道德哲学体系，其包含先验哲学、工夫论、政治哲学三部分。 心普遍地发生于人身，是一个贯穿先验与经验，超越历史与社会现实的道德哲学根本尺 度。在道德形上学层面，心是一个难寻其迹，难觅其踪的先验价值尺度，其含仁、义、 礼、智四种具体刻度，即价值标准。孟子通过明心为人构筑了最安逸的居所，也为人类 未来的生活指明了方向。 性是衔接价值与现象的中介，心通过性的形式在经验世界显示为善的现象。在经验 世界中，修心就是要“求其放心”，重新追回人人本有，人人本尊的这一道德尺度。其 具体方法简便易行，关键在于一个“诚”字。具体而言，心学工夫论有具体的层次。孟 子通过道德源发情境的阐明，达成了先验哲学与工夫论的初步沟通；人通过“先立其大”、 “存心”、“扩心”等一系列工夫，可以追复本心，达到圣人境界。这样，孟子就在原理 上与实践上完成了先验哲学与工夫论的完美统一。不仅如此，孟子以心代圣，根据仁义 礼智的内含提出相应的具体政治措施，合理地解决了圣王不出造成的王道危机，达成了 先验哲学与政治哲学的统一。 关键词 孟子 心 道德哲学 工夫 王道 I 万方数据 Abstract Abstract Mencius establishes the moral philosophy system of Xin (mind), which includes three parts of prior philosophy, the theory of cultivation method and political philosophy. Xin is a fundamental criterion of moral philosophy, which connects transcendentalism and experience beyond historical and social reality. On the metaphysical level of morality, Xin is a prior value standard,including four values of Jen (human-heartedness), Yi(righteousness), Li(propriety)and Zhi(wisdom). Xin built a comfortable residence for human beings, indicating the direction of human life. Xing (human nature) is the intermediary of the value and phenomenon of cohesion, Xin shows kindness in the experience world through the form of human nature. In the experience world, Mencius believes that cultivation is to recover Xin . The specific method is simple and easy, the key is Cheng(perfection). Specifically, the theory of cultivation method is divided into several levels. Mencius reached a preliminary communication between prior philosophy and the theory of cultivation method thro