基准坐标和变换.docVIP

Unit 14 Datums, Coordinates and Conversions（基准、坐标和变换） A datum is the mathematical model of the Earth we use to calculate the coordinates and elevations on any map, chart, or survey system.（基准是我们在任何地图、海图【chart海图】或测量系统中用来计算坐标和高程的地球数学模型） Geodetic datums define the size and shape of the Earth and the origin and orientation of the coordinate systems used to map the Earth.（大地基准能定义地球的大小和形状，以及用来给地球绘图的坐标系统的原点和坐标定向【orientation】） Hundreds of different datums have been used to frame position descriptions since the first estimates of the Earth’s size were made by Aristotle.（自亚里士多德【Aristotle】第一次对地球的大小作出估计【e