上海交通大学 上海交大 生物化学 课件 chapter 25 AA内容资料.pptVIP

;;;AA in excess of those needed for synthesis cannot be stored，nor are they excreted 来自食物(以及被降解蛋白)的AA, 用于新的蛋白和AA(或其它含氮化合物)的合成. 多余的AA(与糖和脂肪酸不同)既不能储存也不能被排出,而只能作为代谢燃料 surplus AA are used as metabolic fuel The α-amino group is removed, most of them are converted into urea 解决氨基(转氨, 进而合成尿素) resulting carbon skeleton is converted into a major metabolic intermediate: acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, Pyr, or one of the intermediates of TCA 解决碳骨架(α酮酸转变为糖或脂肪酸代谢的中间物) Ubiquitin泛肽，遍在蛋白质: Damaged or unneeded proteins are marked for destruction by the covalent attachment of chains of a small protein, ubiquitin.polyubiquitinated proteins are subsequently degraded by a large, ATP-dependent complex called the proteasome.蛋白酶体 It is the cellular equivalent of the “black spots” of Robert Stevenson’s Treasure Island: the signal for death.多(四)泛肽标记犹如”黑点”,是蛋白将被“处死”的标记 ;As building blocks for proteins; as a source of N for the synthesis of other AA and other nitrogenous compounds (e.g. nucleotide baes); surplus AA as metabolic fuel, their amino groups are converted into urea FA, ketone bodies, and Glc can be formed from AA (their carbon skeletons→acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, pyruvate, intermediates of TCA cycle→the above-mentioned substances) Many coenzymes play key roles in AA degradation Pyridoxal phosphate吡哆醛磷酸forms Schiff base intermediates that allow α-amino group to be shuttled between AA and keto acids VB6衍生物 VB12 (cobalamin钴胺素), a cobalt-containing porphyrin-like类卟啉 cofactor, serves as a source of free radical自由基 in the rearrangement of a carbon skeleton 含钴类卟啉作为辅酶(辅因子)在碳骨架重排反应中提供自由基;Ubiquitin(Ub) Tags Proteins for Destruction;;Aminotransferases转氨酶 catalyze transfer of α-amino group from α-AA to α-keto acid They are also called transaminases Asp aminotransferase catalyzes transfer of amino group of Asp to α-KG (即谷草转氨酶GOT) 天冬+ α-KG≒谷+草（OAA） Ala aminotransferase catalyzes transfer of amino group of Ala to α-KG 丙+ α-KG≒丙酮酸+草（OAA）;Ammonium ion is formed from Glu by oxidative deamina