中国中小企业贷款风险管理问题学科介绍课程讲述.pptVIP

* * SME LENDING AND CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN CHINA 中国中小企业贷款风险管理问题 Financial Risk and Corporate Finance Management Forum, Dalian， July 2010 第二届金融风险与公司财务管理国际研讨会 大连2010年7月 Introduction 简介 1) Only 12 percent of SMEs’ working capital requirements are obtained from bank loans 中小企业的运营资本中只有12%来自银行贷款 2) 55% of start-up firms are financed predominantly by owner-managers’ personal wealth 约有55%处在起步阶段的企业的资金绝大多数都来自企业主的个人财产 3) 31.6 % of these start-ups are funded by borrowings from family or friends 有31.6%处在起步阶段的企业的资金由亲友借款构成 4) Only 13.4% are financed by banks and other non-bank financial institutions. 只有13.4%的中小企业通过银行和其它非银行金融机构融资 5) 66% of SMEs have difficulty to access to finance (IFC-CPDF 2004 survey) 66% 的中小企业面临融资难的问题（根据IFC-CPDF2004年的调查数据） Key Statistics for SMEs in China 2 有关中国中小企业的关键数据 2 Western banks generally evaluate business loans by looking at the company’s income and cash flow statements.? Does the borrower earn enough to meet?its obligations?? Can it continue to do so over the life of the loan?? To answer these questions, the lender often uses metrics which measure loan amount to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) or the debt service coverage ratio. Only then will they consider the question of collateral. Any collateral is regarded as a back-up, a way of mitigating losses if all else fails.? The basis for making the loan is an assessment of the borrower’s ability (and its willingness)?to pay. 西方的银行通常会依据公司的损益表及现金流量表来评估商业贷款。借款人是否能赚足够的钱履行还款义务？在贷款到期前，借款人是否具备持续还款能力？为了解答这些问题，贷款人通常会使用计量模型来测算贷款额与扣除利息、税收、折旧及摊销前的收益的比值或债务偿还能力比率。测算完这些之后，银行才会考虑抵押问题。任何抵押物都只是在贷款无法收回的情况下用来减少损失的备用品。对借款人还款能力（及其还款意愿）的评估是放款的依据。 Differences between Western and Chinese Banks in Treatment of Loans 1 西方银行和国内银行处理贷款的不同方式1 In China, when a company requests a loan, the first thing banks look at is?the borrower’s?balance sheet.? What hard assets does the?business have, in case it fails to pay?? Land is best, in the banks’ eyes, but?a reall