课件：第五章肌张力的评估.ppt

* * 肌肉痉挛的利弊 利 维持静态姿势 避免肌肉萎缩 减少静脉血栓 弊 影响肢体随意运动 影响生活自理、体位、护理 疼痛 挛缩畸形 * * 康复医学领域常见痉挛相关的疾病 脑卒中 脑外伤 缺氧性脑病 脊髓损伤 脑瘫 运动神经元病 * * 后面内容直接删除就行 资料可以编辑修改使用 资料可以编辑修改使用 资料仅供参考，实际情况实际分析 * * Whilst the pattern of spasticity is not specific to one cause, generalised spasticity, which is diffuse and affects multiple regions of the body is most often associated with traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis. Regional spasticity affecting a large area of the body is most often associated with spinal cord injury, and focal spasticity, which is localised to a particular area, is often a characteristic of spasticity following stroke. * * Passive: Personal Care Problems These problems are manifestations of UMN dysfunction that interfere with the personal care of the patient. They include problems with dressing, personal hygiene and bathing, difficulty toileting and caring for the perineal region, and problems with skin integrity. This slide shows a patient with clenched fist deformity, which often leads to skin maceration and malodor of the affected region. Chemodenervation of the flexor digitorum sublimis resulted in marked improvement of this condition. * * Passive: Positioning Passive issues related to positioning can involve those of feeding, sitting, and sleeping. This slide shows a patient with adducted thighs that interfered with wheelchair positioning * * Active: Limb Use Problems Active problems of UMN dysfunction can interfere with limb use. These include problems with reach, grasp, transport, and release. This example demonstrates the inability of the patient to hold and lift the can prior to treatment * * Common UMN Patterns Generated by Unbalanced Dynamic and Static Forces As listed on this slide, manifestations of UMN syndrome can produce a variety of relatively common presentations in the upper and lower limbs. However, although the presentation may be similar between various patients, the exact dynamic and static forces that produce the picture can vary considerably.