动词时态与语态2.docVIP

PAGE PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT - 9 - ④We were cleaning the classroom from 8 to 9. ★(1)叙述故事时,常用过去进行时来描写故事发生的背景。故事中间也会用它来描绘景象。一般地,把故事往下叙述时多用一般过去时,而停下来描绘背景或某个景象时,常用过去进行时。 (2)正象现在进行时可以表未来动作,过去进行时也可以表从过去某时看来要发生的事。 六、将来进行时 由“助动词shall（第一人称）/will（第二、三人称）+ be +现在分词”构成，（美国英语一律用will）。主要表示将来某时刻或某一段时间将正在进行的动作。口语中它常用来表示预计即将或势必要发生的动作。它和一般将来时有时只有细微差别（Ill see/be seeing him about it tomorrow.)在有些情况下和一般将来时可换用，但它显得更委婉（When will you come/be coming?)。如： ①This time tomorrow, I shall be flying to Shanghai. ②- What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? - Ill be working in the fields. ③I shall be waiting for you in my room after supper. Dont come at 7 oclock tomorrow. He will be working then. 七、现在完成时 现在完成时的动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关，即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。现在完成时由“助动词have / has＋过去分词”构成，现在完成时常用的状语有just, already, ever, never, before, yet, not···yet, up to now, today, this month, lately, recently, so far, ever since, in the last / past few years等。如： ①-Where have you been? -I have been to the street. ②Have you ever been to Shanghai? ③He has gone to the library. ④I have lost my book. ⑤Who has opened the door? ⑥Have you had your supper? ⑦I have never seen such a big apple. ⑧He has remembered 500 words this month. ⑨ Great changes have taken place in the last ten years. 注意 现在完成时强调对现在的影响，是现在时态，因此不能和表示具体的过去时间连用，如：yesterday, last month, three days ago, in 1960等。但可以和表示模糊的过去时间的before连用。 现在完成时的用法： ①过去开始的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在: I have lived here for 20 years.（动作持续） He has been here for two hours.（状态持续） ☆有少量动词（work,study,teach,live,…)可表一直延续到现在的一个动作，但大多数动词不可这样，而应该用现在完成进行时。（注意：have been to表示“曾经去过某地，现已回来”；have gone to表示“已经去某地，现在还没回来”） ☆由于arrive,come,become,join和get up等动词表短暂动作不可延续，需要借助含be的结构来表示延续的状态。 ②表某动作曾经发生过，对现在来讲已成为既往的经历： I have met him .我见过他/我已见了他。 He has tasted it. 他尝过/他已经尝了。 ③表示一个断断续续的动作对现在产生的量结果： I have picked five baskets of apples. We have learnt ten English songs. ④表示到目前为止多少次或第几次干某事。 He has been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I have seen the film. 说