含氮模具钢电火花加工特性及表面缺陷实验研究-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

上海交通大学硕士学位论文 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 含氮模具钢电火花加工特性及表面缺陷实验研究 摘 要 为满足模具发展需要，模具材料行业推出了诸多的新钢种。含氮 模具钢就是因这种需要而开发的，氮元素的添加使得材料的韧性和耐 腐蚀性等得到改善，同时也使得这种材料的机械加工变得困难，而电 火花加工就是就是解决这一困难较有效的加工方法。但用常规电火花 加工方法进行加工时，有时精修会显得比较困难，甚至还会产生一些 加工表面缺陷，如表面空穴、裂纹、气孔等。同时，精修困难会导致 加工速度、电极损耗以及加工表面质量发生变化，从而影响加工成本、 尺寸精度以及表面精度。另一方面，表面缺陷会使模具材料在使用过 程中产生应力集中而断裂、失效等，严重影响材料使用寿命。因此研 究含氮模具钢的电火花加工特性以及表面缺陷十分有必要。 本文主要通过实验方法来研究含氮模具钢的电火花加工特性，并 分别讨论了峰值电流、脉冲宽度、电容以及氮元素与其它合金元素的 结合对加工表面裂纹和气孔的影响。研究结果表明，模具钢中含氮量 越高，加工速度越高、电极损耗越小、加工表面粗糙度越大；铬元素 容易使电火花加工表面出现裂纹，模具钢中同时存在氮、铬元素时加 工表面裂纹会增多，同时存在氮、钼元素时加工表面裂纹会减少；在 本文给定实验条件下，气孔只在含氮模具钢材料加工表面出现，且材 料含氮量越高，加工表面气孔越多；在精微加工时，电容 C 值越大， 加工表面裂纹及气孔越多。 I 关键词：含氮模具钢、电火花加工特性、裂纹、气孔 II EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EDM CHARACTERISTICS AND SURFACE DEFECTS OF NITROGENOUS MOULD STEEL ABSTRACT In order to meet the requirement of the development of mould, mould material industry introduced new kind of steel, which can improve the advantages of steel evidently. The nitrogen plastic mould steel is developed due to some deficiency in practical industrials so as to improve the toughness and the corrosion resistance of the material. EDM is an efficient method to solve this problem, But with conventional EDM parameters to machine the materials, the machining in finish stage is a big issue. Even so, sometimes, there produce some surface defects such as surface cavities, cracks, porosity, and etc. meanwhile, the problems in finish machining can decrease the cutting speed, increase electrode wear and deteriorate the quality of machining surface, therefore, cost of machining, the dimensional precision and the surface roughness are impacted as well. What’s more, surface defects can make the mould materials prematurely failure, thus, the service life of the material is decreased seriously. So, it is necessary that to study the EDM characteristics and the surface defects of the nitrogenous mould steel. This paper mainly studied the EDM characteristics of nitrogenous mould steel by experimental method and then dis