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国际经济导论Chapter1 Introduction to Global Economic Environment教材编辑.ppt
Introduction to Global Economic Environment;主要教材及参考书目：;Contents;Part 1 Managing the Economy;Chapter 1 Measuring Economic Success ;Objectives of Macroeconomic Policy;1.Economic growth and its measurement;最终产品和中间产品;最终产品与中间产品;GDP;GNP与GDP的区别;西方经济学·宏观·第12章 *;;There are two ways to measure GDP:
Nominal GDP is measured in current market prices;
Real GDP is calculated in constant or invariant prices.
The GDP deflator measures the current level of prices relative to the level of prices in the base year. It tells us the rise in Nominal GDP that is attributable to a rise in prices rather than a rise in the quantities produced. Economists use GDP deflator as a measure to monitor the average level of prices in the economy.
GDP deflator= Nominal GDP / Real GDP;名义GDP与实际GDP;中国的名义GDP;Potential GDP represents the maximum amount the economy can produce while maintaining reasonable price stability.
Potential GDP is also sometimes called the high-employment level of output.
GDP gap is the difference between actual GDP and Potential GDP.;国内生产总值的计算;*;NI represents the total incomes received by labor, capital, and land. It is constructed by subtracting depreciation and indirect taxes from GDP.
NI equals compensation of labor, rental income, net interest, income of proprietors, and corporate profits.;1 美国 15,064,816 2 中国 6,988,470 3 日本 5,855,383 4 德国 3,628,623 5 法国 2,808,265 6 巴西 2,517,927 7 英国 2,480,978 8 意大利 2,245,706 9 俄罗斯 1,884,903 10 印度 1,843,382 ;2.High Employment, Low Unemployment ;Types of Unemployment;The Types of Unemployment can helps economists diagnose the general health of the labor market.
High level of Frictional or Structural Unemployment can occur even though the overall labor market is in balance; Cyclical Unemployment occurs during recessions, when employment falls because of an imbalance between aggregate supply and demand.;Natural rate of unemployment ,also sometimes referred to as the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment, is the normal unemployment rate th
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