困扰世界的三种病毒详解.docVIP

困扰世界的三种病毒 Zika is such a mild illness that most people dont know they have it. But in the past two years, a search of babies born with extremely small heads showed the world that Zika is anything but harmless. 寨卡病毒症状较为温和，以至于大多数病毒感染者毫无察觉。但在过去的两年中，关于小头畸形新生儿的调查则向全世界表明：寨卡病毒绝对不是无害的。 The virus originated in Uganda more than 60 years ago, and recently emerged in Brazil, then surged north to Florida and possibly to Texas. 60多年前，寨卡病毒首次被发现，其源头在乌干达，最近巴西出现疫情，随后疫情进一步肆虐、向北传到了美国佛罗里达州，同时，在德克萨斯州发现疑似病例。 Dr. Anthony Costello, with the World Health Organization, said even one affected child has a very big impact on the community and a familys ability to cope. 世界卫生组织安东尼.科斯特洛博士表示，无论是对整个社会还是对一个家庭来说，一名感染寨卡病毒的孩子都会对其应对能力产生极其重大的影响。 Its a public health problem of huge concern for the world. Sixty-nine countries have seen Zika virus emerge in the last two years. We are talking about a virus that causes brain damage and potentially lifelong disability, which is a huge blow to families. 这事关公众健康，对全世界来说都是一个大问题。两年来，69个国家曾出现寨卡病毒传播。我们此刻提及的这种病毒，能造成脑部损伤，并有可能导致病毒感染者终身残疾，这对家庭是一个巨大的打击。 Right now, doctors can only advise women not to travel to areas where the virus is spreading, to avoid mosquito bites or to delay pregnancy. There is no vaccine against Zika, but one could be available in 2018. 目前，医生只能建议妇女不要前往已经出现寨卡病毒疫情的地区旅行、避免蚊虫叮咬，或者建议她们推迟怀孕。寨卡病毒至今没有特效疫苗，但有可能在2018年研制成功。 2016年困扰世界的三种病毒 In Nigeria, the polio virus re-emerged in the violence-wracked northern part of the country, where its hard to ensure every child gets vaccinated. Three children were diagnosed with the disease just when Nigeria was thought to be close to becoming polio-free. 尼日利亚北部地区暴力活动频发，脊髓灰质炎病毒（又称小儿麻痹症）再次侵袭了该地区，在那里，很难保证所有孩子成功接种疫苗。正当人们认为尼日利亚即将摆脱脊髓灰质炎病毒之时，三个孩子被确诊为小儿麻痹症。 The virus also exists in another conflict zone: along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Those behind the effort say they are determined to eliminate the disease. Polio cases have decreased by over 99 percent since 1988, from about 350,000 cases then to less than three d