Deep learing 在通信场景的应用 Lecture_1a_Why_do_we_need_machine_learning.pdfVIP

Neural Networks for Machine Learning Lecture 1a Why do we need machine learning? Geoffrey Hinton with Nitish Srivastava Kevin Swersky What is Machine Learning? •  It is very hard to write programs that solve problems like recognizing a three-dimensional object from a novel viewpoint in new lighting conditions in a cluttered scene. –  We don’t know what program to write because we don’t know how its done in our brain. –  Even if we had a good idea about how to do it, the program might be horrendously complicated. •  It is hard to write a program to compute the probability that a credit card transaction is fraudulent. –  There may not be any rules that are both simple and reliable. We need to combine a very large number of weak rules. –  Fraud is a moving target. The program needs to keep changing. The Machine Learning Approach •  Instead of writing a program by hand for each specific task, we collect lots of examples that specify the correct output for a given input. •  A machine learning algorithm then takes these examples and produces a program that does the job. –  The program produced by the learning algorithm may look very different from a typical hand-written program. It may contain millions of numbers. –  If we do it right, the program works for new cases as well as the ones we trained it on. –  If the data changes the program can change too by training on the new data. •  Massive amounts of computation are now cheaper than paying someone to write a task-specific program. Some examples of tasks best solved by learning •  Recognizing patterns: –  Objects in real scenes –  Facial identities or facial expressions –  Spoken words •  Recognizing anomalies: –  Unusual sequences of credit card transactions –  Unusual p