生物化学复习资料（全）-动态-PET-CT-2013.pdfVIP

Curr Radiol Rep (2013) 1:177–190 DOI 10.1007/s40134-013-0016-x PET, PET-CT, AND PET-MRI (M SCHWAIGER AND AJ BEER, SECTION EDITORS) PET/CT in Oncology: Current Status and Perspectives Johannes Czernin • Martin Allen-Auerbach • David Nathanson • Ken Herrmann Published online: 3 May 2013 The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at S Abstract The discovery of the Warburg effect in the Introduction early twentieth century followed by the development of the fluorinated glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose The foundation of clinical PET/CT was laid by several (18F-FDG) and the invention of positron emission tomo- pivotal events (Fig. 1) that date back as far as the early graphs laid the foundation of clinical PET/CT. This review twentieth century when Otto Warburg [ 1, 2] discovered discusses the challenges and obstacles in clinical adoption that cancer cells switch from oxidative to glucose metab- of this technique. We then discuss advances in instru- olism even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis; mentation, including the critically important introduction Warburg effect). More than three decades later, Luis of PET/CT and current PET/CT protocols. Moreover, we Sokoloff [3, 4] demonstrated that 14C-deoxyglucose auto- provide evidence for the clinical utility of PET/CT for radiography could be used to map and quantify functional patient management and its potential impact on patient neuroanatomical pathways ex vivo. The translation of this outcome, and address its cost and cost-effectiveness. approach became feasible when the fluorinated glucose Although this review largely focuses on 18F-FDG imaging, analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F