含铬废水的电化学法处理研究-环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

武汉科技大学硕士学位论文 武汉科技大学硕士学位论文 第1页 摘要 近年来，由于工业生产的飞速发展，铬已成为一种主要的环境污染物质。含铬废水 中铬的存在形式有六价铬和三价铬两种。在铬化合物中，六价铬毒性最强，并且会随雨 水溶渗流失，严重污染周围环境的土壤、河流及地下水源。 含铬废水治理技术种类繁多，各有利弊，经过多年的研究，国内对含铬废水处理 90％以上使用化学法。电化学法作为化学法的一种，因其包括了电凝聚、电气浮、电氧 化、电还原等过程，其处理能力很全面。论文含铬废水取自武汉钢铁股份有限公司硅钢 厂，用电化学法进行处理，对其存在的极板材料、极板钝化和浓差极化等问题进行研 究，得出了最佳工艺：以铁板为极板材料，水样不需预处理，投加0．89／L NaCI作支持 电解质，pH值为3．5，电流强度为1．8A，板间距为7衄，通电时间为30min，换极时间 为3min。出水的浊度去除率高达96．13％，色度去除率92．3l％，cr”去除率97．33％， 总Cr去除率90．56％。 试验还对化学还原法处理含铬废水进行了探讨，结果表明化学还原法处理含铬废水 也能达到较好的效果，但缺点是投药量大，产生污泥量大，易产生二次污染等。 试验得出，电化学法处理能力更加全面，对各项指标均保持相当高的去除率：基本 不投加化学药剂，产生污泥量少，还可回收纯度较高的金属，其处理成本大为降低；操 作更为简便，与电镀工艺相类似，易于被操作工人掌握。 关键词：含铬废水电化学法化学还原法 第n页 第n页 武汉科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract In recent years，with the rapid development of industrial production，the chromium has already caused great environmental pollutions．There are mainly two kinds of existence forms of chromium in the wastewateL Cr fvi)and Cr(III)．In the chemical compound of chromium，Cr (vi)has the strongest toxicity and it is easily dissolved with infiltration of the rainwater,which could seriously pollute the soil，river and underground water source of the surrounding environment． There are many kinds of technologies in treating the wastewater containing chromium and they have both advantages and disadvantages．Within many years’researches，chemical methods were nearly 90％introduced in intemal water treating．As one part of chemical：methods, electrochemical method contains the processes of electro—coagulation，electro—ftoatation，electro— oxidation and electro—deoxidation,which make the capability of the management be all-sided．In this paper，we used electrochemical method to treat the wastewater containing Cr which got from the silicic steely mill of Wuhan steely factory，took systematic research to the questi6血s of electrode materials，electrode passivation and concentration polarization，and finally got the best technics．The best technics were as follows：taking iron as the elec