影响巴西蘑菇菌丝体生长及产菇因子之探讨.DOC

影響巴西蘑菇菌絲體生長及產菇因子之探討 Study on factors affecting mycelial growth and mushroom production of Agaricus blazei Murill 研究生：顏秀真 Shiou-Jen Yan 指導教授：梁文進 Wen-Jinn Liang 【摘要】 本研究是為探討不同栽培基質，不同覆土介質與厚度，不同營養物質及土壤微生物添加，對促進巴西蘑菇（Agaricus blazei Murill）菌絲生長及產菇之效果。A. blazei菌絲在PDA上最適宜生長溫度為28℃，適宜酸鹼值為pH 6。盤固拉草、稻稈木屑及蔗渣經堆積發酵成堆肥，再將各堆肥基質pH值調整為5、6、7及8接種菌絲塊7天後，以pH 6之菌落直徑35.4 mm為最好，但於太空包內經覆土後63天產菇，其40.54﹪之最高生物轉換率，是在pH8為最高；在稻稈堆肥，以pH 8之菌落直徑60.6 mm為最好，覆土後50天產菇，生物轉換率38.01﹪最好；木屑堆肥中，以pH 7之菌落直徑37.4 mm為最好，卻以pH 6，在覆土後54天產菇，其生物轉換率32.24﹪最好；蔗渣堆肥，以pH 7之菌落直徑34.2 mm為最好，但pH 8之生物轉換率為四個pH值中最好，51天產菇，卻僅7.86﹪，在pH 5則不產菇。以泥碳土、泥碳土混合砂、紅土混合砂及砂四種不同覆土介質對生長在燒杯中木屑堆肥之菌絲進行覆土，以泥碳土混合砂之生物轉換率40.2﹪為最高，覆土至產菇時間44天；以不同泥炭土覆土厚度之覆土試驗，則以覆土3 cm處理者產量最高，其生物轉換率為49.21﹪，覆土至產菇時間51天；覆土前堆肥表面添加營養物質，以米糠之51.54﹪生物轉換率最高。在堆肥中添加營養物以糖蜜及玉米粉之33.71﹪生物轉換最高。以LS33-2微生物處理泥碳土覆土層，所獲產量為最高，其生物轉換率為36.3﹪，覆土至產菇時間37天；在簡易栽培菇舍，土面栽培之覆土層加施營養源對產量之影響，以菇體抽出液處理液之產量為最高，其生物轉換率為16.5﹪，覆土至產菇時間33天。 關鍵字：巴西磨菇（Agaricus blazei Murill）、栽培基質、覆土介質、覆土厚度、土壤營養添加物土壤微生物 【Abstract】 For studying the positive effects on mycelial growth and mushroom production of Agaricus blazei Murill, the affecting factors of various compost materials, casing materials, thickness of casing, nutrient supplements and microbes were experimented. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of A. blazei on PDA was 28℃；optimum pH was pH 6. A. blazei cultivated on various composts made by pangola grass, rice straw, sawdust, or sugarcane bagasse and with various pH values of 4 to 8, the most suitable pH for mycelial growth was at pH 6 with 35.4 mm in colony diameter in petri dish plate of pangola grass compost, whereas the highest biological efficiency with 40.54﹪was at pH 8 requiring 63 days after peat moss casing in bag culture to harvast the first mushroom. However, in rice straw compost, the biggest colony diameter with 60.6 mm was at pH 8, and the best biological efficiency 38.01﹪was at same pH 8 for 50 days for beginning harvesting. In sawdust, the 37.4 mm diameter was the biggest at pH 7.0, but the biological e