国际海洋环境保护法律体系简论-环境与资源保护法专业论文.docx

一般法律原则。 一般法律原则。 第四章论述了国际海洋环境保护法的发展趋势及对中国海洋环境保护法的 影响。指出当今国际海洋环境保护法正在朝着明确各国保护海洋环境的国家义 务、防治污染由针对船舶污染到各种污染源的全面控制、对船舶污染己由单纯的 船旗国管制向船旗国、港口围与沿海国共同管制转变、J。泛适用“参考适用法则”、 国际组织的作用愈发重要的方向发展。与此相适应，我国也于1999年修改了《海 洋环境保护法》，与国际海洋环境保护各条约更加接轨。。修改后的《海洋环境保 护法》，对造成海洋环境污染的各种来源，作了更严格的规定，扩大了原法的适用 范围，明确规定了海洋污染事故应急制度，设立了海洋生态保护制度，完善了相 关的民事责任。 【关键词】国际海洋环境《联合国海洋法公约》 《海洋环境保护法》 Research Research on Lega I System of the I nternat i ona Mar i De Env i ronmenta I Protect i on (Abstract) Major： Environment Law Direction：Environment Law Author：LiuYong Tutor：Professor ZhangZitai Professor ZhengShaohua Associate Professor YaoHui’e The problem of the marine environment iS one of the three major problems that we human beings are faced with in the twenty—first century． The sea has become a great wealth for the sustainable development of human society and the last space on the eaI’th．Following the radical increase of human population，the resources on the land have been in short supply， owing to the extensive exploitation by human beings．It is insufficient for US to rely on only one or two countries’ individual statutes or treaties to settle the problems of the marine environmental pollution． We need more c]ose cooperation among alI countries concerned，SO as to establish a complete set of international and domestic legal systems for the protection of the marine environment． As far as the marine environmental protection：is concerned，the international legislation and cooperation therein started in the middle of the twentieth century．The framework of the legal system thereof has come into being，thanks to the constant human efforts over the past fifty years． At At the first I makes a survey of several major i nternat ional conventions on the marine environment．Beginning from the signing of the International Convention To Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil in the 1950’s up till now，numerous global or regional pacts and bilateral agreements have come into being， a positive contribution to preVent