高三英语二轮复习课件：情态动词和虚拟语气内容资料.pptVIP

表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测常用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”这种结构。 1．can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。 —Do you know where David is？I couldn’t find him anywhere. “你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。 —Well.He can’t have gone far—his coat’s still here. “大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。” The accident could have been avoided. 这场事故本来是可以避免的。 2．may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。 Sorry，I’m late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。 3．must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。 He must have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. 他一定是已经完成工作了，否则他不会在海边玩得那么高兴了。 4．ought to/should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn’t have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。 I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn’t have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。 5．needn’t have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。 —Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you. “Catherine，我已替你打扫了房间。” —Thanks.You needn’t have done it.I could manage it myself. “谢谢。你本来不必做，我自己可以做的。” 1．(2011·北京)—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. —I wish they________always late. A. weren’t　　　　　　　B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 解析　考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。 答案 　A 2．(2011·北京)Maybe if I________science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 解析　考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。 答案　C 3．(2011·天津)I________sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 解析　考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语＋should / would / could / might ＋ have done表达，故选D。 答案 　D 4．(2011·福建)—Pity you missed t