鸡冠直立倒伏性状的候选基因挖掘-动物遗传育种与繁殖专业论文.docx

安徽农业大学博士学位论文 安徽农业大学博士学位论文 Abstract Abstract The comb is a secondary ornamental organ and an important packaging trait of chcken which can be used fits an indicator of sexual maturity．Moreover,the comb trait has been reported to have effects on egg production and growth．Pendulous combs commonly exist in most single comb chicken breeds．The flops comb Can block vision in one eye which has a bad influence on feed intake and mating behaviour in chicken． Furthermore，the risk of locafised infection is elevated in the crease that forms when the comb flops over．We had carried out four exprements to research the molecular genetic mechanism of pendulous／upright comb in chicken．First，Phenotypic frequencies of upright(z)，partial pendulous comb(PD)and complete pendulous comb(D)were investigated in five chicken breeds including Huainan chicken(n。= 2208)，Dongxiang chicken(n=2829)，Wenchang chicken(n。1 905)，Jinghong layer (n=1 990)，and Nongda一3 layer(n=2863)．Four pure lines including Nongda-3(n 2 1893)，Huainan(n=1420)，Wenchang(n=1035)and Dongxiang(h 2 1829)were used to measure the 300 d egg number of three comb phenotypes chickens；Huainan breed(n=600)were used to measure the growth of chickens with different comb phenotypes．Four types of mating were carried out(D3×z早，D8×D早，z8×z早， and z3×D早)to study the heredity of upright and pendulous comb(Huainan breed)． Results show that the phenotypic frequencies of D and PD ranged from 1 0．1％to 29．0％and 16．8％to 65．3％，respectively．D males were heavier than PD males at 12 and 1 6 wk of age and D hens were heavier at 24 wk of age．D hens produced more eggs than PD hens in Nongda-3，Huainan and Wenchang breeds．There was no significant difference in comb phenotypic frequency distribution between the offspring from z(毋)×D(早)and D(d)×z(早)，howeveL comb phenotypic frequency distribution differed between offspring from z(d)×z(早)and D(8)×D(早)．These results suggesting that the upright or pendulous comb trait may influence chicken growth and egg production．F