第一章 比较文学的定义、特点和研究对象.pptVIP

Introduction :Definition and Characteristics of Comparative Studies Part 1 Definitions by western scholars Everywhere there is connection, everywhere there is illustration. No single event, no single literature is adequately comprehended except in relation to other events, to other literatures. 　　--Mathew Arnold, an English literary critic; adopted from his Inaugural Lecture at Oxford in 1857 Part 1 Definitions by western scholars 真正的‘比较文学’的特质，正如一切历史科学的特质一样，是把尽可能多的来源不同的事实采纳在一起，以便充分地把每一个事实加以解释；是扩大认识的基础，以便找到尽可能多的种种结果底原因。总之，‘比较’这两个字应该摆脱了全部美学的涵义，而获得一个科学的涵义的。而那对于用不相同的语言文字写的两种或许多种书籍、场面、主题或文章等所有的同点与异点的考察，只是那使我们可以发现一种影响，一种凭借，以及其他等等，并因而使我们可以局部地用一个作品解释另一个作品的必然的出发点而已。－－［法国］梵·第根 Part 1 Definitions by western scholars Comparative Literature is the history of international literary relations. The comparatist stands at the frontiers, linguistic, or national, and surveys the exchanges of themes, ideas, books, or feelings between two or several literatures. His working method will adapt itself to the diversity of his researches. A certain equipment is indispensable to him. He must be informed of the literatures of several countries. He must read several languages. He must know where to find the indispensable bibliographies.　－－Guyard Part 1 Definitions by western scholars 　比较文学就是国际文学的关系史。比较文学工作者站在语言或民族的边缘，注释着两种或多种文学之间在题材、思想、书籍或感情方面的彼此渗透。因此，他的工作方法就要与其研究内容的多样性相适应。 --[法国］基亚 Part 1 Definitions by western scholars Comparative Literature is the study of literature beyond the confines of one particular country and the study of the relationships between literature on one hand and other area of knowledge and belief, such as the (fine) arts, philosophy, history, the social sciences, the sciences, religion, etc. on the other. In brief it is the comparison of one literature with another or others, and the comparison of literature with other spheres of human expression. ――Henry Remak in Comparative Literature: Method and