生物资讯学的发展文档资料.pptVIP

1- Chapter 7 Bioinformatics 生物資訊學的發展 1990年代: 人類基因體計劃 1982年: 美國國家衛生院(NIH)建立了GenBank 1988年: 建立NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Definition of Bioinformatics Research, development, or application ofcomputational tools and approaches forexpanding the use of biological, medical,behavioral or health data including thoseto acquire, store, organize archive,analyze, or visualize such data. Why use bioinformatics? an explosive growth in the amount of biological information a more global perspective in experimental design.. data-mining - the process by which testable hypotheses are generated regarding the function or structure of a gene or protein of interest by identifying similar sequences in better characterized organisms. From 生物資訊分類 生物資訊可略分為四類： 有關生物之結構、形態、顏色等巨觀及微觀之資訊 生物遺傳物質DNA及基因體序列及其特性的資訊 生物大分子如蛋白質及碳水化合物結構與特性之資訊 其他有關生物之生化、生理、遺傳、演化等之特性 Types of bioinformatics tools Database Software Web resource 主要生物資訊網站 NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) EMBnet (European Molecular Biology network) 主要的核酸與蛋白質資料庫 GenBank(美國), EMBL (歐洲) 及DDBJ (日本) PDB/RCSB(Protein Database), PIR(Protein Information Resource), Pfam(Protein Family database) 解析生物資訊之網路工作站 EMBOSS (European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite) SDSC-Biology Workbench 生物資訊學之應用 (1) 數據取得及處理 (2) 基因定位 (3) 基因體圖譜及比較 (4) 分子模型構築及模擬 (5) DNA及蛋白質序列及結構比較 (6) 大分子結構預測及藥物設計 (7) 分子演化等領域。 DNA Sequencing Acquire Sample information, chromatograms, assembled data Store Data and information, backup data Analyze Quality assessment, filter and assemble data Predict and discover gene function Study genetic variation and gene expression Distribute Data to collaborators and customers Research findings to the scientific community 發現新基因--傳統方法 發現新基因--genomics 發現致病基因--genetics linkage Some Problems in Bioinformatics Sequence comparison Fragment assembly of DNA sequences Physical mapping Evolutionary trees Molecular structure prediction Sequence Compa