几类非线性方程的解析分析-运筹学与控制论专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘 摘要 摘 要 随着现代科学技术的发展，自然界中许多问题都可建立数学模型，其中某些 模型可用非线性偏微分方程(组)来描述。对特定问题的研究自然就归结为对描 述该问题数学模型的研究，求解模型方程(组)的解往往可以有助人们深入了解 自然界中的物理、力学等过程，所以非线性方程求解问题一直是数学家和物理学 家关心的课题。目前为止有许多方法求这类方程(组)的解，如逆散射方法， Backland变换，双线眭变换，Painleve分析法，齐次平衡法，直接代数法和各种 非线性变换方法。应用这些方法人们得到了许多特定非线性方程(组)的精确解。 本文提出精确求解非线性方程(组)的两步非线性变换法，这种方法可有效 地应用于非线性发展方程(组)的精确求解。其基本思路如下：首先对相应的非 线性常微分方程做奇性分析，然后引入两步非线性变换法，即把所求函数设为 另一新未知函数的函数(其中新函数满足另一可解微分方程)，代入相应的常微 分方程，平衡非线性项或比较新未知函数同次“幂”的系数，得到一个代数方程 组，最后用Mathematica进行求解，这样就可得到原常微分方程的解及原偏微分 方程的行波解。本文成功地把此法应用于几类广义KdV方程(广义五阶KdV方 程，广义七阶KdV方程和KdV-Burgers方程)及几个耦合方程组(场论中charged soliton方程组，等离子体调制不稳定性方程组和广义Drinfeld-Sokolov方程组)， 找到精确解，从而为发现相应数学模型所描述的客观现象及规律提供条件。 关键词：非线性方程，两步非线性变换，行波解，精确解 ABSTRACTAlong ABSTRACT Along with the development of modem science and technology,many problems in nature Can be modeled mathematically,among which most of these models are described by nonlinear evolution partial differential equations or system of nonlinear evolution partial differential equations。 Thus，the study of a specific problem is naturally reduced to that of its corresponding mathematical model and the solutions to the model equations will undoubtly help understand the process of the physics，mechanics，etc．Therefore，solving nonlinear evolution partial differential equations has long been a hot and challenging topic for both mathematicians and physicists．Up to date，there are many methods to deal with this kind ofnonlinear evolution partial differential equations， such as inverse scattering method，Backland transformation method，bilinear transform method，Painleve analysis，homogeneous balance method，direct algebraic method and various nonlinear transformation method．All these methods have been successfully applied to finding exact solutions to certain nonlinear evolution partial differential equations． In this thesis，a two step nonlinear transformation method is proposed and successfully used to looking for exact solutions to nonlinear evolution partial differential equations． The method Can be