低碳城市全球气候变化和区域空气污染双赢战略.docVIP

Low carbon city: win-win strategy for global climate change and regional air pollution 低碳城市：全球气候变化和区域空气污染双赢战略 Ding Yihui（丁一汇） National Climate Center（国家气候中心） China Meteorological Administration（中国气象局） Atmospheric aerosols and their roles in air pollution and climate change （大气气溶胶及其在空气污染和气候变化中的作用） What is the atmospheric aerosols? Atmospheric aerosols are a complex chemical mixture of solid and liquid mixture of particles suspended in air. Their sizes range from the smallest superfine mode, with diameters of a few nanometers, to large coase mode particles, with diameters of a few micrometers or more. Between the superfine and coase mode particles are the fine mode particles, with diameters ranging from 0.1μm to a few micrometers. So, the typical size of atmospheric aerosols ranges between 0.001 and 10 μm that reside in the atmosphere for several days and weeks. Impact of aerosols on the water cycle The atmospheric aerosols can affect the water cycle, as an integral part of the atmospheric hydrodogical cycle, through roles of aerosols in cloud microphysical processes, as aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). Through this mechanism, which is called “indirect effect”, the aerosols may modify the microphysical and hence the radiative properties, amount and lifetime of clouds. Key parameters for determing the indirect effect are the effectiveness of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nucleus. The microphysically induced effect on cloud droplet number concertation and hence the cloud droplet size, with the liquid water content fixed has been called “the first indirect effect” or “the cloud albed effect”. The microphysically induced effect on the liquid water content, cloud height, and lifetime of clouds has been called the “second indirect effect” or “cloud lifetime effect”. The cloud albedo effect mainly causes cooling effect and precipitation decrease while the cloud lifetime effect