硬脂酸类阳离子表面活性剂的指标检测.docVIP

硬脂酸类阳离子表面活性剂的指标检测 【摘要】 酯基季铵盐是一种阳离子类表面活性剂，以硬脂酸为原料，经酯化、季铵化合成。其具有良好的柔软性、抗静电性和降解性。这类表面活性剂在国内外广泛地应用于柔软剂并大受市场青睐。 本文以外购的TE-90酯基季铵盐为对照物，分别以三种路线合成相似的酯基季铵盐硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯季铵盐、柔软剂A与柔软剂B。并通过对其指标的检测，与对照物进行对比后改进条件。最后通过红外光谱对产物进行定性的分析。 研究结果表明： 纯硬脂酸做原料合成的产物过硬，往其中添加软酯酸后，产物变软。 产物的颜色会随与空气接触时间长短发生变化， 通过观察样品与对照物的红外光谱图，可以得出他们的特征峰基本相同，得到的为酯基季铵盐产品。 【关键词】柔软剂；阳离子表面活性剂；酯基季铵盐；检测 Stearic Acid Cationic Surfactant Determination 【Abstract】 Cationic surfactants such as ester quaternary ammonium salts. Among them, the cationic surfactant prepared by esterification and quaternization with stearic acid as raw material has good flexibility, antistatic property and degradability. These surfactants are widely used at home and abroad as softeners and are very popular. ?The TE-90 ester quaternary ammonium salt purchased outside of this article was used as a control to synthesize similar ester quaternary ammonium salts-triethanolamine stearate quaternary ammonium salt, softener A, and softener B, respectively, in three routes. And through the detection of its indicators, compared with the control to improve the conditions. Finally, the product was qualitatively analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Research indicates: 1. Pure stearic acid is used as a raw material to synthesize a product that is too hard. After soft ester acid is added thereto, the product becomes soft. 2. The color of the product will change with the length of contact with the air. 3. By observing the infrared spectra of the sample and the control, it can be concluded that their characteristic peaks are basically the same, and the ester quaternary ammonium salt product is obtained. 【Keywords】 softener cationic surfactant ester quaternary ammonium salt detection 目 录 HYPERLINK \l _Toc3487 1 前言 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc26806 1.1 阳离子表面活性剂的概述 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc11305 1.1.1 阳离子表面活性剂的定义及性能 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc24023 1.1.2 阳离子表面活性剂的实际应用 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9773 1.2 阳离子表面活性剂型柔软剂 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc188 1.2.1 季铵盐型柔软剂的发展现状 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc13127 1.2.2 季铵盐