酯交换催化合成双长链酯基季铵盐的研究.docxVIP

酯交换催化合成双长链酯基季铵盐的研究 【摘要】酯基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂是一类符合绿色化学的柔软剂，因其有着良好柔软性能的同时也有易生物降解的特点，也因此越来越受到国内外各国的青睐。本文采用适宜的原料和助剂合成了双长链烷基酯N,N-二甲基硫酸甲酯铵，并利用单因素实验优化了酯交换反应和季铵化反应的工艺条件，探讨了合成酯基季铵盐的反应物料配比与反应时间，得到了较为理想的合成酯基季铵盐的工艺条件：（1）酯化反应：硬脂酸：软脂酸的摩尔比为1:1，反应温度65℃、反应时间10h；（2）酯交换反应：反应温度130℃、反应时间10h、催化剂用量1%、MDEA（N-甲基二乙醇胺）:脂肪酸的摩尔比为1:2；（3）季铵化反应：反应温度65℃、反应时间5h、酯胺:硫酸二甲酯的摩尔比为1:0.94。本文通过测定产物酸值来检测酯化、酯交换反应的进程，在上述条件下，酯交换反应的酸值可降至10mgKOH/L，反应转化率达到95%以上，而季铵化反应通过测定产物胺值来检测反应的进程，在上述条件下，季铵化反应的胺值可降至5mgKOH/L以下，反应转化率达到96%。 【关键词】阳离子表面活性剂；酯基季铵盐；酯交换；合成；柔软剂 Study on Catalytic Synthesis of Double Long-chain Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salts by Transesterification Abstract: Ester-based quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants are a class of softeners that are compatible with green chemistry. Because of their good softness and biodegradability, they are becoming more and more popular in countries at home and abroad. In this paper, the N,N-dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate was synthesized using suitable raw materials and additives. The single factor experiment was used to optimize the process conditions of transesterification and quaternization. The ester quaternary ammonium salt reaction material ratio and reaction time, obtained a more ideal synthetic ester quaternary ammonium salt process conditions: (1) esterification reaction: stearic acid: palmitic acid molar ratio of 1:1 The reaction temperature of 65 ℃, the reaction time 10h; (2) transesterification: reaction temperature 130 ℃, reaction time 10h, the amount of catalyst 1%, MDEA (N-methyldiethanolamine): fatty acid molar ratio of 1:2; (3) Quaternization: The reaction temperature was 65° C., the reaction time was 5 h, and the molar ratio of ester amine:dimethyl sulfate was 1:0.94. In this paper, the progress of esterification and transesterification was examined by measuring the acid value of the product. Under the above conditions, the acid value of the transesterification reaction can be reduced to 10 mgKOH/L, and the reaction conversion rate can reach 95% or more. The quat