动物微生态基础知1课件.pptVIP

动物微生态基础知识;一个神秘的未知世界……;Rhinitis Sinusitis; 10x more bacterial cells in the human body than there are human tissue cells 60% are unknown and 80% unculturable Gastrointestinal tract is largest immune organ in human body (80% of immune system);; ;;家禽嗉囊的电镜照片1500倍（粘膜层细菌）;家禽盲肠的电镜照片3000倍（粘膜层细菌）;家禽小肠的电镜照片10000倍（粘膜层细菌）;家禽小肠的电镜照片40000倍（粘膜层细菌）;;Legion of Little Helpers in the Gut Keeps Us Aliveby Rick Weiss, printed June 5, 2006, Washington Post. …… In fact, its time to stop thinking of yourself as a single living thing at all, say the scientists behind the new work. Better to see yourself as a super-organism, they say: a hybrid creature consisting of about 10 percent human cells and 90 percent bacterial cells. To ignore our microbial side would be to ignore an important contributor to our health and our biology, Gordon said. One question we need to tackle is: Is there such a thing as a core microbiome, a set of organisms or bacterial genes you find in most or all individuals? Fraser-Liggett said. ……;第一基因组：来自先天遗传 ;肠道微生态的最新研究The last research on intestinal microecology;;;;;猪肠道微生态的建立和演替 猪出生时，肠道是无菌的，不久就有数种微生物浸入肠道，经过生长、繁殖，逐渐形成一个微生物群体。仔猪出生24小时内在空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠就定植了双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌、乳杆菌、消化球菌、肠球菌、小梭菌、拟杆菌和酵母菌。到8-22日龄达最高峰并形成一个定型的菌群，以双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌和消化球菌占优势。42日龄后随着年龄增长各个菌群的数量略有下降，其原因可能与猪的营养与饲料结构的变化有关，如粗纤维等成分的增多。;家禽肠道微生态的建立与作用 鸡在胚胎期一般是无菌的，但在出壳时，雏鸡受到外界环境细菌的污染，在消化道内很快就有大量细菌生长繁殖，逐渐适应定植下来，形成一个微生物群体。研究雏鸡、育成鸡和成年鸡肠道后段菌群的变化，发现雏鸡随日龄增长，双岐杆菌与大肠杆菌明显增加，肠球菌与厌氧弯曲杆菌逐渐减少，而乳杆菌、消化球菌、类???菌、葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌的变化不大。 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Alternatives to Antibiotics 抗生素的替代;;;;;;用药前后的菌膜屏障电镜照片对比 Comparison on bacterial biofilm in electron microscopic after antibiotic treatment;;;;;肠道紧密连接与肠道通透性改变;肠道菌群与肠道粘膜通透性;益生菌改善粘膜通透性;;;;;;;;;;;;