离子通道和神经元的电活动.ppt

Neuronal Electric Activities神经元的电活动 Neuronal Electric Activities Include: Rest Potential (Chapter 3) Action Potential (Chapter 4) Local Potentials Post-Synaptic Potential Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential End-plate Potential Receptor Potential Chapter 3The Neuronal Membrane at Rest The CAST OF CHEMICALS Cytosol and Extracellular Fluid The Phospholipid Membrane Protein The MOVEMENT OF IONS Diffusion Electricity The IONIC BASIS OF RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL Equilibrium Potential The Distribution of Ions Across the Membrane Relative Ion Permeabilities of Membrane at Rest The Importance of Regulating the External Potassium Concentration CONCLUDING REMARKS Cytosol and Extracellular Fluid Water: Its uneven distribution of electrical charge, so H2O is a polar molecule Ions: Salt dissolves readily in water because the charged portions of the water molecule have a stronger attraction for the ions than they have for each other The Phospholipid Membrane (磷脂膜) The lipids of the neuronal membrane forming: a barrier to water-soluble ions a barrier to water Protein These proteins provide routes for ions to cross the neuronal membrane. The resting and action potentials depend on special proteins that span the phospholipid bilayer. Protein – Amino Acids The Peptide Bond (肽键) and a Polypeptide (多肽) Figure 3.6 Protein Structure Channel Proteins Channel protein is suspended in a phospholipid bilayer, with its hydrophobic (疏水的) portion inside the membrane hydrophilic (亲水的) ends exposed to the watery environments on either side Two Properties of Ion Channels Ion selectivity (离子选择性) The diameter of the pore The nature of the R groups lining it Gating (门控特性) Channels with this property can be opened and closed-gated by changes in the local microenvironment of the membrane Ion Pumps (离子泵) Ion pumps are enzymes that use the energy released by the breakdown of ATP to transport certain ions across the membrane Chapter 3The Neuronal Membrane at Res