雅思基础阅读.doc

搭配题： P74~P76 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics: Hierarchy or Partnership? In their day-to-day business, professionals whose work involves language in some way or another often face problems that seem to have no immediate or obvious solution within the habitual practices which demarcate their professional expertise. One avenue open to those who find themselves in this position is to have recourse to the discipline of linguistics. It is the belief that linguistics can offer insights and ways forward in the resolution of problems related to language in a wide variety of contexts that underlies the very existence of the discipline usually called applied linguistics. Applied linguists try to offer solutions to “real-world problems in which language is a central issue”, however tentative or “implied” those solutions may be. What, then, might fall within the domain of typical applied linguistic problems? A list of such problems will certainly be wide-ranging and potentially endless, but might include the following: A speech therapist sets out to investigate why a four-year-old child has failed to develop normal linguistics skills for a child of that age; a teacher of English as a foreign language wonders why groups of learners sharing the same first language regularly make a particular grammatical mistake that learners from other language background do not; an expert witness in a criminal case tries to solve the problem of who exactly instigated a crime, working only with statements made to the police; a zoologist investigates the question whether monkeys have language similar to or quite distinct from human language and how it works; a medical sociologist sets out to understand better the changes that occur in people’s use of language as they move into old age. The list could continue, and with professional diversification of the kind common in modern societies, is quite likely to grow even bigger over the years. What all these professional problems have in common is th