56浅谈定语从句.docVIP

56浅谈定语从句 王新 1. The book was written in 1946， the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007年.山东卷.35) A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when 解析：本题考查since+关系副词when引导的定语从句，因此应选D. 2. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with kids. (2008年.山东卷.26) A. who B. which C. why D. when 解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词，when引导定语从句修饰先行词Occasions，因此应选D。 3. Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009年.山东卷.24) A. who B. which C. when D. that 解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词，which引导非限制性定语从句并充当句子主语，因此应选B。 4. That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen. (2010年.山东卷.24) A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词，空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中做定语使用，因此应选C。 5. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other. (2011年.山东卷.32) A. they B. where C. what D. that 解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词，定语从句缺少主语指物，因此应选D。 从上述5个历年高考题中可以看出，定语从句一直是山东省高考题考查的语法项目中的重点。因此，掌握定语从句的语法特征和语义特征，形成纯正的英语思维能力，显得尤为重要。现将定语从句部分重点用法归纳如下： 一、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，且先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。如： He has two daughters, who lived in the countryside.（He has only two daughters.）他有两个女儿，她们都住在乡下。 He has two daughters who lived in the countryside. (Perhaps he has more than two daughters.)他有两个在乡下居住的女儿。 二、 关系代词和关系副词的用法区别 在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析定语从句中的句子成分。如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，那么必须要用关系代词；如果从句中缺少状语，那么必须要用关系副词。试比较下列两个句子的区别： 1. Do you still remember the days that we spent in Yan tai ？ (定语从句中动词spent缺少宾语，因此要用关系代词that.) 2. Do you still remember the days when we spent the winter holidays in Yan tai ？ (定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此要用关系副词when引导从句)。 三、关系代词that和which的用法区别 1.在限制性定语从句中用关系代词that而不用which的情况： （1）当先行词被不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等修饰时，如： Do you have anything that you want to say ？你有什么要说的吗？ All that he needed was money. 他所需要的是钱。 （2）当先行词被the only, the very (恰恰，正好)，any，few, little等修饰时，如： This is the very train that I am waiting for. 这就是我正在等的列车。 （3）当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，用关系代词that。 This is the most interesting film that I