中国过度教育现象及其治理对策-湖南农业大学学报.PDF

第12 卷第2 期 湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版) Vol ．12 No ．2 20 11 年4 月 Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Social Sciences) Apr ．2011 中国“过度教育”现象及其治理对策 周 婧，符少辉 (湖南农业大学 人文社会科学学院，湖南 长沙 410128) 摘 要：中国“过度教育”现象越来越引起人们的关注。从高校的招生人数、区域分布以及教育模式来看，中国 “过度教育”现象具有长期性、局部性和结构性的特点。“过度教育”现象形成的主要原因在于大学毕业生的供给 超过了现代经济部门的有限职业需求；高校教育模式单一导致毕业生就业能力缺失；“惟学历论”的职业筛选标准 助长了“知识失业”。治理 “过度教育”现象必须实现职业教育和高等教育并举，坚持市场对专业设置的引导， 建立长期稳定的人才供应渠道，适当调整毕业生的就业观念。 关 键 词：过度教育；知识失业；高等教育；中国 中图分类号： G649.21 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1009-2013(20 11)02-0069-04 “Over education” phenomenon in China and its countermeasures ZHOU Jing, FU Shao-hui (Humanities and Social Science College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China) Abstract: “Over education” phenomenon has been extensively studied recently. Viewed from the aspect of enrolment, regional distribution and educational model, Chinas “over-education” is characterized by long-term feature, locality and structural feature. The main causes for “over education” phenomenon lie in: the supply of graduates exceeds the limited demand; education mode of colleges and universities deprives students of employability; the occupational screening standard emphasizing on educational history has fostered education unemployment. This paper then proposes some countermeasures to “over education”: to stress importance of vocational education as well as higher education; to set up majors guided by the market demand; to establish long-term stable supply of talents. Key words: over education; educated unemployment; higher education; China 一、问题的提出 位供应日渐趋紧。而越来越多的高学历者的受教育 水平超过了当时社会经