机构介绍外文翻译.doc

Introduction to mechanism The function of mechanism is to transmit or transform motion from one rigid body to another as part of the action of a machine. There are three types of common mechanical devices that can be used as basic elements of a mechanism. Gear system, in which toothed members in contact transmit motion between rotating shafts. Cam system, where a uniform motion of an input member is converted into a nonuniform motion of the output member. Plane and spatial linkages are also useful in creating mechanical motions for a point or rigid body. A kinematic chain is a system of links, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. Otherwise, the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical divice that has the purpose of transferring motion and force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bar),generally considered rigid,which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains,with at least one link fixed, become (i) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (ii) stuctures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its “rigid links”; a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform complex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force ransmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study. Mechanisms are used in a great variety of machines and devices. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus on