2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题一 习题讲评 课九.docVIP

词义猜测题增分点(二)——“根据逻辑关系”猜测 语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义帮助最大的逻辑关系有并列关系、转折关系和因果关系等。 [典例1]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选) ... Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. ... 33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A．The attackers get attacked. B．The insects gather under the table. C．The plants get ready to fight back. D．The perfumes attract natural enemies. [解析]　选A　本题考查对文章中一句话的理解，属于广义的词义猜测题。画线词前面的句子说明了一些植物散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。在这一句后面，又使用了一句同义并列的句子来对其进行解释，根据后一句话的意思 “正在吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐”可以知道，画线句子是指袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击，故选A。 [干扰项分析]　B项无中生有；C项干扰性强，前文讲到当植物受到攻击时，它们不是坐以待毙，但根据前文的“attract different insects”，这里并不是指反击；D项是断章取义，文中讲的是“吸引袭击者的天敌”。 [增分技巧]　根据并列关系进行猜测 英语中可以使用also, as ...as, similarly, and, or, just as, like等词语表示相同或者相近的意思，这种表示并列的关系中，只要我们认识其中一个单词，就可以推测出另一个单词的意思。如：Mr. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 分析：这个句子里面使用了表示并列关系的单词and，还使用了表示“相似”的单词similarly，由此可知，画线单词loquacious表达的意思和“loves to talk”的意思一样，即“健谈的”。 [典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C节选) ... Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. ... 29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Tested.　　　　　　　 B．Separated. C．Forced out. D．Tracked down. [解析]　选C　画线词前面的句子说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，由此可推断出此句意为人类的发展逐渐地使灰狼“被迫离开”，故选C。 [干扰项分析]　A项意为“测试”；B项意为“分离，隔开”； D项意为“搜寻到，追查到”。B项干扰性最强，下文提到灰狼在黄石公园消失，由此可知B项错误。 [增分技巧]　根据转折关系进行猜测 in contrast, on the contrary, unlike, however, but, despite, while等词汇常常会被用来表示前后关系的转折，其前后表示相反的意思。同样，我们也可以根据其中一个词汇来推知另