实用操作系统概念.pptVIP

实用操作系统概念 内容框架 概述 体系结构 进程管理 内存管理 文件管理 外设管理 内容 Ch2: 计算机体系结构 Ch3: 操作系统体系结构 ch3: Operating-System Structures System Components System Services System Calls System Structure Virtual Machines System Design System Components Process Management Main Memory Management Secondary-Storage Management I/O System Management File Management Protection System Networking Command-Interpreter System System Components Process Management A process is a program in execution. A process needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task. System Components The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management. Process creation and deletion. process suspension and resumption. Provision of mechanisms for: process synchronization process communication System Components Main Memory Management Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address. It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O devices. Main memory is a volatile storage device. It loses its contents in the case of system failure. System Components The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with memory management: Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom. Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available. Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed. System Components Secondary-Storage Management Since main memory (primary storage) is volatile and too small to accommodate all data and programs permanently, the computer system must provide secondary storage to back up main memory. Most modern computer systems use disks as the principle on-line storage medium, for both programs and data. System Components The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with disk management: Free space management Storage allocation Disk scheduling Sys