高中英语语法和构词法.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 高中英语语法和词法 高中英语语法 Chapter 1：The sentence 第一章：句子 When we speak or write we use words. We generally use these words in groups; as, 当我们使用单词说话或写作时，我们通常使用一组单词。比如： Little Jack Horner sat in a corner. A group of words like this, which makes complete sense, is called a sentence. 像这样的表达完整意义的一组单词叫做句子。 Kinds of Sentences 句子的类型 2. Sentences are of four kinds: 句子的类型有四种： Those which make statement or assertions; as 陈述句 Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. 2）Those which ask questions; as 疑问句 Where do you live? Those which express commands, request, or entreaties; as 表达命令、要求或请求的祈使句 Be quiet. Have mercy upon us. 4) Those which express strong feelings; as, 表达强烈感情的感叹句 How cold the night is! What a shame! A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called a Declarative or Assertive sentence. 做出陈述或声明的句子称为陈述句。 A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative sentence. 提出问题的句子称为疑问句。 A sentence that expresses a command or an entreaty is called an Imperative sentence. 表达命令、或请求的句子称为祈使句 A sentence that expresses strong feeling is called an exclamatory sentence. 表达强烈感情的句子称为感叹句。 Chapter 2: Subject and Predicate 第二章：主语和谓语 3. When we make a sentence, we name some person or thing; and say something about that person or things. In other word, we must have a subject to speak about and we must say or predicate something about that subject. Hence every sentence has two parts. 当我们造句时，我们说某人或某事，然后对某人或某事进行说明。换句话说，我们必须有一个谈论的主语，然后必须对那个主语进行说明。 The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about. This is called the Subject of the sentence. 指明我们谈论的某人或某事的那部分称为句子的主语。 The part which tells something about the Subject. This is called the Predicate of the sentence. 对主语进行说明的那部分称为句子的谓语。 4. The subject of a sentence usually comes first, but occasionally it is put after the Predicate; as 句子的主语通常在前面，但偶尔也出现在谓语的后面。例如 Here comes the bus. Down went the Royal George. 5. In Imperative sentences the Subject is left out; as 祈使句句中，主语省略。例如 Sit down. （省略了主语You） Thank you. (省