如何掌握好定语从句（一）.doc

如何掌握好定语从句（一） ??? 定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重点，也是一个难点。所谓定语从句，就是一种由关系词引导的从句形式的后置修饰语，用来修饰被限定的词——先行词。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词，其作用是代替先行词，引导定语从句，同时在定语从句中充当某一句子成分。常用的关系代词有who／whom（指人），whose（指人或物）， which（指物），that（指人或物），as（指人或物）；关系副词有when（指时间），where（指地点）， why（指原因）。要掌握好定语从句，首先要掌握好定语从句的词序和关系代词的选择。 I．定语从句的词序 根据关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所充当的不同成分，定语从句的词序有以下几种： 一、关系代词引导的定语从句有以下七种常见词序。 1．关系代词＋谓语 关系代词作定语从句的主语。关系代词主要有who，that，which，as。如： 1）Aqiao told her father all that had happened． 2）On the ground lay an old sick goat，which had gone into the cave to die． 3）People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly． 4）He married her，as was natural． 5）He does not have such a mind as is necessary to a scientist． 2．关系代词＋名词＋谓语 关系代词作定语从句的主语的定语。常用的关系代词是whose，有时也用which。如： 1）Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last night． 2）Engels，whose native language was German，could read and write in several foreign languages． 3）The house whose roof was broken has now been repaired． 这种词序的定语从句，如果whose指具体事物或抽象概念时，可用of which代替，但不如whose普通，of which可置于其所修饰的名词前或后。如： ?That is a book，（whose cover/the cover of which is blue．/of which the cover） 3．关系代词＋主语＋谓语 关系代词作定语从句的宾语或表语。若为限制性定语从句，作宾语或表语的关系代词在非正式文体中省略。常用的关系代词有 who（m），that，which，as。如： 1）Pay attention to everything（that）I do． 2）This is the book（which）he is looking for． 3）His mother，whom he loved dearly ， died in 1818． 4）He isnt the man（that）he used to be． 5）This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see． 4．关系代词＋名词＋主语＋谓语 关系代词作定语从句的宾语的定语。常用的关系代词是whose，有时也用which。如： 1）Thats the boy whose drawing we were looking at just now． 2）There are some students whose questions I cant answer． 3）The book whose cover my brother tore off is not mine． 4）I told him to see the doctor，which advice he took． 如果whose指具体事物或抽象概念时，可用of which代替，但不如whose普通。of which可置于其所修饰的名词前或后。如： In front of the village there is a river whose name／the name of which／of which the name I have forgotten． 5．介词＋关系代词＋主语＋谓语 关系代词作定语从句中的介词宾语，介词可以是简单介词，也可以是复杂介词。关系代词有which，whom。如： 1）He built a telescope thro