植物色素的提取实验论文.doc

PAGE PAGE 0 有机化学综合实验Ⅱ 植物色素的提取 姓 名： 班 级： 学 号： 指导教师： 2010年6月 植物色素的提取 摘要 脂溶性色素主要是叶绿素、叶黄素与 HYPERLINK /view/285812.htm \t _blank 胡萝卜素，三者常共存。此外尚有 HYPERLINK /view/346067.htm \t _blank 藏红花素、 HYPERLINK /view/817613.htm \t _blank 辣椒红素等。除叶绿素外，多为四萜衍生物。这类色素不溶于水。难溶于甲醇，易溶于高浓度乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、苯等有机溶剂。胡萝卜素在乙醇中也不溶。叶绿素等在制备中草药制剂或提取其他有效成分时常须作为杂质去除，以使药物纯化，中草药（特别是叶类、全草类）的乙醇提取液中含有多量叶绿素、可在浓缩液中加水使之沉出，也可通过氧化铝、碳酸钙等吸附剂而除去。叶绿素本身有抑菌作用，可制备成消炎的药物。水溶性色素主要为花色甙类，又称 HYPERLINK /view/76177.htm \t _blank 花青素，普遍存在于花中。溶于水及乙醇，不溶于乙醚、氯仿等有机溶剂，遇醋酸铅试剂会沉淀，并能被活性炭吸附，其颜色随pH的不同而会改变。花色甙在制备中草药制剂或提取有效成分时，常作为杂质去除。 薄层色谱法是一种吸附薄层色谱分离法，它利用各成分对同一吸附剂吸附能力不同，使在移动相（溶剂）流过固定相（吸附剂）的过程中，连续的产生吸附、解吸附、再吸附、再解吸附，从而达到各成分的互相分离的目的。 ABSTRACT Fat-soluble pigment mainly chlorophyll, xanthophyll and carotene, the three often coexist. In addition there are crocin, capsanthin so. In addition to chlorophyll, a number of four terpene derivatives. Such pigments are not soluble in water. Insoluble in methanol, soluble in high concentrations of ethanol, ethyl ether, chloroform, benzene and other organic solvents. Carotene is not soluble in ethanol. Chlorophyll extract in the preparation of Chinese herbal medicine or other active ingredients often be removed as impurities, in order to purify drugs, herbs (especially leaf, whole plant type) containing large amounts of ethanol extract of chlorophyll, can concentrate in Shen add water to make it out, it can be alumina, calcium carbonate and other absorbent and remove. Inhibition of chlorophyll itself, can be prepared as anti-inflammatory drugs. Water-soluble pigment is mainly suit glycosides, also known as anthocyanins, common in flowers. Soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in ether, chloroform and other organic solvents, lead acetate reagent will precipitate the event, and can be activated carbon adsorption, the pH of different colors with the change. Anthocyanin extract in the preparation of Chinese herbal medicine or active ingredients, often as the removal of impurities.  TLC is an absorb