压力控制阀和流量控制阀外文翻译.docVIP

Pressure-Control Valves and Flow-Control Valves Pressure-control valves are used in hydraulic circuits to maintain desired pressure levels in various parts of the circuits. A pressure-control valve maintains the desired pressure level by(1)diverting higher-pressure fluid to a lower-pressure area，thereby limiting the pressure in the higher-pressure area, or(2)restricting flow into another area. Valves that divert fluid can be safety, relief, counterbalance, sequence, and unloading types. Valves that restrict flow into another area can be of the reducing type. A pressure-control valve may also be defined as either a normally closed or normally open two-way valve. Relief, sequence, unloading and counterbalance valves are normally closed, two-way valves that are partially or fully opened while performing their design function, A reducing valve is a normally open valve that restricts and finally blocks fluid flow into a secondary area. With either type of operation, the valve can be said to create automatically an orifice to provide the desired pressure control. An orifice is not always created when the valve is piloted from an external source. One valve of this type is the unloading——it is not self-operating；it depends on a signal from an external source. Relief, reducing counterbalance, and sequence valves can be fully automatic in operation, with the operating signal taken from within the envelope. In this chapter we shall study the different types of pressure-control valves and learn how they are used in various hydraulic circuits. Types of Pressure-Control Valves Eight popular devices for pressure-control service are: Safety valve. Usually a poppet-type two-way valve intended to release a secondary area when the fluid pressure approaches the set opening pressure of the valve. This type of valve protects piping and equipment from excessive pressure. Relief valve. Valve which limits the maximum pressure that can be applied in that portion of the circuit to whi