离子通道和神经元的电活动-神经生物学.pptVIP

Functional properties of the sodium channel (Na+ 通道的功能) They open with little delay They stay open for about 1 ms and then close (inactivate) They cannot be opened again by depolarization until the membrane potential returns to – 65 mV 关闭 开放 失活 去失活 Functional properties of the sodium channel Figure 4.9 (c) A model for how changes in the conformation of the sodium channel protein might yield its functional properties. The closed (关闭) channel; Opens (开放) upon membrane depolarization; Inactivation (失活) occurs when a globular portion of the protein swings up and occludes the pore; Deinactivation (去失活) occurs when the globular portion swings away and the pore closes by movement of the transmembrane domains 关闭 开放 失活 去失活 Toxins on the sodium channel Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 河豚毒素) and saxitoxin Channel-blocking toxin Batrachotoxin, veratridine and aconitine Open the channels inappropriately Open at more negative potentials Open much longer than usual Putting the Pieces Together (page 89) Threshold Rising phase Overshoot Falling phase Undershoot Absolute refractory period Relative refractory period Figure 4.10 The molecular basis of the action potential 70 Chapter 4 The Action Potential PROPERTIES OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL The Ups and Downs of an Action Potentials Generation of an Action Potential The Generation of Multiple Action Potentials THE ACTION POTENTIAL IN THEORY Membrane Currents and Conductances The Ins and Outs of Action Potential THE ACTION POTENTIAL IN REALITY The Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Putting the Pieces Together ACTION POTENTIAL CONDUCTION Factor influencing conduction velocity ACTION POTENTIALS, AXONS, AND DENDRITES CONCLUDING REMARKS Figure 4.11 Action potential conduction Figure 4.11 Action potential conduction. The entry of positive charge during the action potential causes the membrane just ahead to depolarize to threshold (已经兴奋的膜部分通过局部电流“刺激”了未兴奋的膜部分，使之出现动作电位) An action potential propagates in one direction An ac