2018年传染病流行病学（双语）PPT课件文档资料.pptVIP

讲 授 内 容 Teaching Content ;研究传染病的意义Study Importance ; 1998年鼠疫世界分布;新出现的传染病（emerging infections or emerging infectious diseases，EID）是指新确定的和先前未知的可引起局部或在世界范围内公共卫生问题的传染病。 --- David Heymann 1997 “emerging infections ”refers to newly identified and previously unknown infectious diseases which cause public health problems，either locally or internationally。 ;重新出现的传染病（re-emerging infectious diseases）是指那些我们已经熟知的，且其传播水平已降低到不再成为公共卫生问题的感染又重新回复到具有流行程度传播状态的疾病。 Re-emerging infectious diseases are infections that have been known about for some time but had fallen to such low levels that they were no longer considered a public health problem。They often reappear in epidemic proportions.; 新出现的传染病的流行具有某些 引人注目的特点 The characteristic of EID;EID产生的原因The cause of EID;EID产生的原因The cause of EID;EID产生的原因The cause of EID; 其他与EID产生相关的原因 Other causes of EID;美国脊髓灰质炎1967—1997发病趋势;传染病流行趋势;Major achievements of infectious diseases prevention and control till 1970s;Global burden of disease(DALY)(2000);Reporting data of legal infectious disease in China (1950-2003);Leading infectious killers;100-250/per 100 000;3% ~;The HIV epidemic in the Worldwide (2005);The Morbidity of Main Infectious Diseases in China;The Reported STD Cases in China;1955-2003年全国狂犬病发病率;传染病流行病学基本原理和方法;（一）传染源Source of Infection;1、病人 (cases) 体内存在大量病原体 In vivo existence massive pathogen 具有利于病原体排出的临床症状 Clinical symptoms are advantageous for the pathogen discharges ; 潜伏期（Incubation period） 自病原体侵入机体到最早临床症状出现这一段时间 The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first signor symptom of the disease in question ;潜伏期的意义 Significance of Incubation Period;潜伏期的意义 Significance of Incubation Period;2、病原携带者（carrier） 没有任何临床症状而能排出病原体的人或动物 A person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection ;3、受感染的动物（infectious animal） 自然疫源性疾病（natural focal disease） 病原体在自