水的性质论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献.docVIP

PAGE 18 水的性质论文 中英文资料对照外文翻译文献 Properties of water Water is the phase in which all the main processes take place in flotation. The processes that affect the surface characteristics of particles in water include dissociation of dissolved species, hydration, and the adsorption of ions and flotation reagents. Therefore, it is important to know the properties of water. Water is a polar compound and water molecules interact with each other by attractive forces called van der Waals forces. These forces are closely related to the polar structure of molecules. As well known, positive charges repel positive charges and negative charges repel negative charges, but positive charges attract negative charges. As a consequence, dipole molecules tend to take a position so that attraction between molecules occurs. This phenomenon is called Keesom orientation. Brownian motion disturbs the orientation. A dipole can also induce a dipole moment in another molecule causing attraction between the molecules. The phenomenon is called Debye induction. Nonpolar molecules do also interact with each other. In all atoms and molecules the continuous motion of negative electrons creates rapidly fluctuating dipoles with the positive nucleus causing attractive forces. These forces are called dispersion or London-van der Waals forces. The interaction of nonpolar molecules is caused by the dispersion forces but with polar molecules, such as water, also the Keesom orientation and the Debye induction forces occur. The total van der Waals interactions between two atoms or molecules are given by the sum of those due to orientation, induction and dispersion forces. The orientation interaction is significant only if dipole moment is high. The induction interaction is always small. According to Coulomb’s law electrostatic forces vary inversely with the second power of the distance between two charges. The interaction due to van der Waals forces is much weaker. The forces decay inversel