天津大学工程光学第3章-总结与习题.pptxVIP

第 3 章 总结与习题 专业英语 知识要点 HanQun@TJU 2012年5月28日 13:53:52 1 专业英语 2 1. Some keywords and concepts Flat/plane mirror – Mirror/reversed image Prisms can be divided into two groups – reflecting/reflective prisms and dispersing/dispersive prisms Some reflecting prisms: right-angle ~,roof ~,Dove ~,semi-pentagonal ~, Amici ~, Schmidt ~, Porro ~, Pechan ~ (erecting ~) Reflecting prisms are generally designed so that the entering and exit faces are parallel and perpendicular to the optical axis. This means that the prism can be represented as a plane parallel glass plate. The thickness of the glass plate is obtained by unfolding the prism around its reflecting surfaces. HanQun@TJU 2012年5月28日 13:53:48 3 2. Dispersing prism HanQun@TJU 2012年5月28日 13:53:47 Elements of a dispersing prism Apex Apex angle Angle of deviation Base The ray for which the deviation is a minimum traverses the prism symmetrically, that is parallel to its base. 4 3. Optical materials (glass, crystal, plastic) Flint glass is an optical glass that has relatively high refractive index and low Abbe number. Flint glasses are arbitrarily defined as having an Abbe number of 50 to 55 or less. The currently known flint glasses have refractive indices ranging between 1.45-2.00. A concave lens of flint glass is commonly combined with a convex lens of crown glass to produce an achromatic doublet lens because of their compensating optical properties. Fraunhofer lines (blue F, yellow D, red C) Mean dispersion is numerical difference between the two refractive indices nF and nC HanQun@TJU 2012年5月28日 13:53:46 知识要点 5 1. 平面光学元件的种类和作用 种类：平面镜、平行平板、反射棱镜、折射棱镜（光楔） 作用：折叠光路、转折光路、转像、倒像、色散分光 2. 平面镜的成像特点和旋转特性 特点：正立、等大、虚像 、镜像（奇数次反射） 旋转：入射光线方向不变，平面镜绕垂直于入射面的轴旋转角， 出射光线方向改变2 角。 3.光学杠杆原理及应用 测微小角度： 测微小位移： 光学杠杆原理 ，K-放大倍数 HanQun@TJU 2012年5月28日 13:53:45 6 4. 双平面镜的特性及应用 出射光线与入射光线的夹角与入射角无关，只取决于双面镜的夹角，且=2。 应用：转折光路 (二次反射棱镜，易调整）双面镜转动连续一次像不动 5.平行平板的成像特性 (1)光线经平行平板后方向不变；(2) 光焦度为零，成像无缩放； (3)光线经平