动词被动语态.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 被动语态 (the passive voice) 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如： He wrote a novel. (主语he 是动作wrote 的执行者，是主动语态。) The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday. (主语the classroom 是动作的承受者，是被动语态。) 一．被动语态的构成: be+及物动词的过去分词构成 (助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化)。 Eg: The man was fooled by the two boys. It has been decided that the sports meeting would be put off. 二．被动语态的用法 1. 不知道动作的执行者时用被动语态。例如： Eg: Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term. 2. 强调动作的承受者时用被动语态。 ??? Eg: This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. ??? The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday. 动作的发出者不是人用被动语态 Eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake. ??? 4. 含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。 Eg: The pianist gave the pupils some advice.????????????????????????????????????????? 间接宾语 直接宾语 ??? →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. ??? →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. ??? 5. 在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如： ??? Eg: The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day. A boy saw him enter the house. →He was seen to enter the house. 6. 不及物动词+介词 的被动语态 不及物动词没有被动语态，但是“不及物动词+介词”构成的短语动词的句子，如look after,listen to, look at,等具有及物动词的功能，可以改为被动语态，但是改为被动语态时介词不能丢。 Eg: They laughed at him at the meeting. He was laughed at by them at the meeting. We should speak to old men politely. Old men should be spoken to politely. 7. 主动形式表被动意义 = 1 \* GB3 ①open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive, peel, happen等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表示被动意义 Eg: This orange peels easily. This kind of skirt sells well here. This kind of cloth wases well. The car drives well. = 2 \* GB3 ②look, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词用主动形式表被动意义 Eg: Uniforms look ugly on us. Mooncakes taste delicious. = 3 \* GB3 ③在want, need, require等动词表示“需