肿瘤tumor上海第九人民医院外科顾岩ppt课件.ppt

肿 瘤（tumor） 上海第九人民医院外科 顾岩 What is tumor Tumor: Neoplasm caused by the cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation under different initiating and promoting factors, the formation of the neoplasm is not regulated by our normal regulatory mechanism and will not stopped with the elimination of the causes of the tumor. Cell cycle of the tumor Etiology External Factors: Chemical agents Physical agents Biological agents Internal Factors: Genetic factors Endocrine factors Immunity factors Etiology Chemical agents: Alkylating agent （nitrogen mustard） Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Amio-azo-compound Nitrosamine Mycotoxin and phytotoxin Others ( metal, DDT, etc.) Etiology Physical agents: Ionizing radiation Ultraviolet radiation Others ( Scare, Chronic ulcer, Asbestos fibers and talcum powder, etc.) Biological agents: Virus, parasite Etiology Genetic factors: Oncogene Anti-oncogene Microsatellite instability Mismatch repaire gene Endocrine factors: Estrogen,prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) Immunity factors: Innate and acquired immune deficiency Prophylaxis Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Classification-biological behaviour Benign tumor malignant tumor, Boundary tumor malignant tumor Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Others Solid and non-solid tumor Denomination Tissue and organ: Pathological source Differentiation Diffusion of the tumor Direct spreading Metastasis lymphatic metastasis blood route metastasis Implantat