欧盟公民权之发展及-大同大学通识中心.DOCVIP

歐盟公民權之發展及對台灣之啟示 歐盟公民權之發展及對台灣之啟示 PAGE 194 PAGE 193 歐盟公民權之發展及 對台灣之啟示 張 洋 培 大同大學通識教育中心副教授 歐盟公民權之發展及對台灣之啟示? ? 本論文曾表於東吳大學政治系及歐洲聯盟研究協會合辦之「歐盟與全球化：危機或挑戰」研討會上，經修訂後，重新在此發表。本文之摘要亦曾於Taiwan News 2007年元月10日第七版以中英對照發表。 張洋培? ? 英國劍橋大學國關博士，現任大同大學通識教育中心副教授。 摘 要 歐洲公民權，由市民而擴展至全國公民，其內容包括（一）選舉、罷免、創制、複決等之參政權；（二）國籍權、居留權、及工作權，並可自由遷徙，甚至變更國籍；（三）享受社會福利及公共建設的經濟權，以及自由結社集會之社會活動權；（四）言論自由、信仰自由、免於匱乏及免於恐懼等之自由權；（五）基本生存權。從台灣看歐盟，或者直接體驗歐盟公民權的發展進展，給台灣的啟示如下：第一，施政透明化。第二，歐盟重視人權及公民權。第三，歐盟統合及歐盟公民權的發展，已經讓境內公民享受到「免於恐懼的自由」。第四，歐盟公民權之中，包括確保「公民投票」（公投）的權力。第五，非常刻意避免「社會傾銷」，不會刻意以低價商品或低價勞工傷害鄰近會員國。第六，歐盟為了照顧平等的經濟公民權及社會福利，設立結構基金（Structural Fund），創造地區之間的均富發展；另以凝聚基金（Cohesion Fund）促進會員國之間的均富。第七，會員國邊境糾紛及衝突，自歐盟整合之後，這些糾紛及衝突已逐漸走向沉寂。 【關鍵詞】 歐洲公民權、歐盟公民權、歐盟整合、台灣  The Development of European Citizenship and its Inspirations for Taiwan John Y.P. Chang? ? Associate Professor, General Education Center, Tatung University. Abstract Basic EU citizenship encompassed the following rights: (1) Right of political participation such as election, recall, initiative and referendum. (2) Right concerning nationality, residence, and work permit as well as the freedom of movement and even the right to change nationality. (3) Economic rights such as sharing social welfare and public infrastructure as well as the right to social activity such as the freedom of assembly and association. (4) Other freedom rights such as the freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom from fear and want. (5) Basic rights for survival. If we look at the EU from Taiwan side, or directly get experience from the development of EU Citizenship, we are truly moved by the face of such a wealth of inspirations. It can be summarized as follows: First, EU citizenship highly demands administrative transparency. Second, the EU attaches importance to human rights and citizens’ rights. China on the other hand again and again used military intimidation against Taiwan. If China truly wants to integrate with Taiwan, then why doesn’t it learn from the EU and treat the Taiwan