(中英翻译)评价低影响设计与开发的生态功效.doc

Evaluating the Ecological Efficacy of Low Impact Urban Design and Development 评价低影响设计与开发的生态功效 van Roon, M.R. and S. Moore Centre for Urban Ecosystem Sustainability (University of Auckland, Landcare Research) Proceedings Sustainable Engineering and Science Conference, Auckland, NZ, 6-9 July 2004 Abstract摘要 It is anticipated that implementation of low impact urban design and development (LIUDD) on a catchment scale will lead to a quantum leap in ecological improvement in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. One of the primary objectives in LIUDD is the achievement of hydrological neutrality, that is a nil or minimal change in the hydrologic regime. This might be measured using indicators of water body functionality and sustainability. One of the anticipated outcomes of improved hydrological stability throughout and after the development process is the retention of aquatic ecosystem health and biodiversity. In addition, the achievement of hydrological neutrality demands much higher catchment coverage with vegetation of high biomass, ensuring high evapotranspiration rates. This is particularly necessary in locations where soils have limited infiltration capacity. Much of this vegetation is likely to be within riparian margins where it can contribute to both terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity enhancement and improve water quality. This paper explores the type of research framework that might be developed to measure these ecological gains. This would include the monitoring of low impact developments to determine gains in physicochemical condition and biotic integrity relative to that in conventionally developed urban catchments. 可以预期的是，在流域层面上实施低影响城市设计和开发（LIUDD），将大大改善区域的水陆生态环境。LIUDD的主要目标之一是保持水文特征不变，最大限度的减少对生态水文条件的改变。水文特征可以采用功能性和可持续性的水体指标来表征。提高水文稳定性的预期成果之一是在整个开发过程中和之后的阶段保持水生生态系统的健康与生物多样性。此外，保持流域水文特征不变还需要通过提高流域高生物量植被的覆盖率以确保比较高的蒸腾率来实现，这种方法尤其适用于土壤渗透能力有限的地区。选用的植被大部分属于河畔植物，该类植物能够提高水陆生物多样性和改善水质。本文探讨了经过开发可能用于衡量生态效益的研究框架类型。也包括对低影响开发的检测，以确定在物化条件和生物的完整性方面相对于传统开发的城市集水区的收益。 1 I