苏州大学医学部儿科临床医学院儿科学 Lesson3.pdfVIP

Nutrition of Childhood Nutrition of Childhood Department of Pediatrics Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital Nutrition of Childhood Good nutrition helps to prevent acute and chronic illness, to develop physical and mental potential, and to provide reserves for stress. 1. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS • Energy • Energy needs of children at different ages and under various conditions various greatly. Energy Basal Metabolism 基础代谢 The Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) 食物特殊动力作用 Energy Required for growth and development 生长发育 Physical Activities 体力活动 Elimination 排泄损失 Energy The average daily requirement is approximately 110 kcal/kg for the first year of life, with subsequent decreases of about 10 kcal/kg for each succeeding 3 years period. Energy Generally, approximately 10%-15% of the calories are derived from protein; 50%-60% from carbohydrate; 35%-45% from fat. Vitamins Minerals Water The normal infants absolute requirement for water probably is 150 ml/kg/day is recommended. Dietary Fiber THE FEEDING OF INFANTS THE FEEDING OF INFANTS 婴儿喂养 婴儿喂养 Breast Feeding • Breast feeding provides optimal nutrition for the normal infant during the early months of life. • (The first milk) colostrum 初乳 • The breast with five days after delivery is colostrum. The colostrum is a lemon-yellow color and alkaline. The total amount of colostrum secreted daily is 10 - 40 ml. • Colostrum contains more pro