铝合金激光-MIG复合横向焊接特性分析-材料加工工程专业毕业论文.docxVIP

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - - II - Abstract In the horizontal welding process, due to gravity, the molten metal has a tendency to drip down; consequently weld is prone to having forming defects such as undercut and centerline deviation. For aluminum, due to its low viscosity and good fluidity, it’s more difficult to suppress its forming defects in the horizontal welding process. For horizontal welding, current research focuses on the steel materials, horizontal welding for aluminum has not been reported. In this paper, laser-MIG hybrid horizontal welding characteristics of 2219 aluminum alloy were studied. Firstly, the welding process test of aluminum in laser-MIG hybrid horizontal welding was carried out, using the optimized technology to suppress the forming defects. In the hybrid horizontal welding process of aluminum, the main forming defects include concave in back seam, undercut in front seam, and centerline deviation. Using a groove type, which’s blunted edge is 4mm, the groove angles are 30° for upper plate and 10° for lower plate, can be able to get a seam with good back formation in a suitable energy input. In the process of cap welding, adoption a non-coplanar arrangement way of laser and wire (horizontal laser-arc distance is 3mm, vertical laser-arc distance is 2mm) can suppress the centerline deviation. Secondly, the welding process was monitored to analysis the forming defects’ generating mechanism and inhibiting mechanism, by CCD camera and high speed video system. The forming of concave is related to the tendency to drip down and internal flow to the pool, which the molten metal on the back weld have. On the other hand, as the dynamic viscosity coefficient of aluminum is relatively small, so it contributed to the trend to generating concave defects. The generating of undercut and centerline deviation on the front seam mainly due to gravity drip the liquid metal, consequently there is an accumulation of the molten metal on the lower areas of the